My Thoughts On Magic, Science, And Religion - 849 Words

One of the first things that persuaded me to take this class was the interesting name: â€Å"Magic, Science, and Religion†. It seemed like a very whimsical class, and since I have never taken any anthropology class before, I decided to give it a shot. My thoughts on magic, science, and religion, have definitely changed from before I even took this class to now, after all the material has been presented. My academic career so far has been in the science and engineering field, so I was most familiar with the science aspect of this class. Throughout this essay, I will explain my initial thoughts about the terms, magic, science, and religion, and how they changed throughout the course. Then, I will discuss my final understanding of these terms and also why the course is named the way it is named. To begin with, I will start with what I first thought about the terms, magic, science, and religion. I first understood magic as something that was an act of illusion, used to trick or en tertain other people. Having seen YouTube videos and live shows of magicians performing magic tricks, and seeing a live hypnotist hypnotizing audience members, I thought I knew everything about magic. I believed that they were always just an illusion, and its main uses were for entertainment purposes. I also confused magic with voodoo, something I saw in the television series, The Vampire Diaries. In one particular episode, someone who is considered a witch summons someone who is dead and allows him to beShow MoreRelatedHistory Of Religion Collapsed Into Agnosticism1689 Words   |  7 PagesThere wasn t one particular moment that I lost my faith; no one died, I had no epiphany. It took years of suspicion, snowballing as I grew older, until finally my concept of religion collapsed into Agnosticism. The whole situation reminds me of the Great Santa Revelation of Third Grade, just on a much grander scale. I was born and raised Catholic... to a degree. We only really went to church as a family on Christmas and Easter, maybe a few other holidays throughout the year to curb the guilt. IRead More1.) â€Å"Multiculturalism† Is The Co-Existence Of Diverse Cultures,2012 Words   |  9 Pagesof such actions. For example, growing up in a Mexican family my siblings and I were only thought Mexican traditions such as â€Å"Dia de los muertos, navidad ( the birth of Jesus) , el rorro (a lullaby for the new born Jesus Christ), las posadas, los Reyes magos, dia de los inocentes (Mexicans play jokes pranks on friends and family members), etc. By attending school in the United States I quickly learned the American culture and so did my family. As I got older and I started to understand these traditionsRead MoreThe Incredible Mind of Sir Isaac Newton1664 Words   |  7 Pageswas an instrumental figure to the rise of modern science. Through his incredible mind, he was able to usher in a new age of science that revolved around logic and reason. He had redefined natural philosophy at the time and had enlightened the world with his mechanistic world view. However, Newton was not exactly as dedicated to logic and reason as many would like to think. Newton not only spent a significant amount of his time in the occult sciences such as alchemy, but was a deeply religious individualRead MoreEssay about Witchcraft, Magic and Rationality2265 Words   |  10 PagesWitchcraft, Magic and Rationality Social Anthropology seeks to gauge an understanding of cultures and practices whether they are foreign or native. This is achieved through the studying of language, education, customs, marriage, kinship, hierarchy and of course belief and value systems. Rationality is a key concept in this process as it affects the anthropologist’s interpretation of the studied group’s way of life: what s/he deems as rational or plausible practice. Witchcraft and magic pose problemsRead MoreWe Are The Cosmos Made Conscious And Life Is The Means By Which The Universe Understands Itself? Essay1710 Words   |  7 Pagesthat there is creature and mental-state consciousness, and within creature, there is intransitive and transitive consciousness. Ultimately, there are two broad theories of the mind: dualism and materialism/physicalism. Dualism is essentially the thought that the conscious experience is non-physical, while materialism believes that the mind is the brain, or is caused by its activity. Some say there is an explanatory gap found within the materialistic explanation, while others critique that in dualismRead MoreThe Concept of Dualism Essay1013 Words   |  5 Pages nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; I believe that the popular or quot;ghost in the machinequot; form of substance dualism best solves the mind body problem. My views in this area have been influenced by my twelve years of Catholic education. The soul, or mind, depending on your level of belief, was a complete and separate entity and was the center of a human being. The body was an ambulatory device that the soul directed. The idea that the mind is a separate entity and that it is independentRead MorePersonal Essay: The Purpose of Life, Religion and Other Sources1619 Words   |  7 Pagestherefore as a result creating hundreds of religions with different beliefs. Although we may never answer the question of our existence, we try to merge our past experience and basic knowledge to create a reasonable answer. Although Religions are diverse around the world, what they all have in common is they all provide hope that something lies beyond death, and they also provide wisdom for those currently living on earth. With the combination of philosophers, religions, and wisdom, we have witnessed differentRead MoreScience Vs. Religion : Harmony Within Discord1539 Words   |  7 PagesScience vs. Religion: Harmony within Discord Sebian Martinez-Escobar UC Mercedâ€Æ' For as long as mankind has had the curiosity to gaze at the stars, we have been constantly questioning our origin and place in the universe. From simple, yet elegant solutions (like our world being on the back of a large tortoise) to the more complex pantheons of gods and heavens, humanity’s dedication to classifying and comprehending our universe has enabled us to weave rich and complex mythologies and beliefs. HoweverRead MorePhysician and Hippocratic Corpus Hippocrates820 Words   |  4 PagesHippocratic Oath has religious background in it. Hippocrates is particularly known for the denial of religious influence in medicine. Before Hippocrates time, practitioners would use spiritual healings based on magic and ritual. Hippocrates based medical practice purely on rational thought through the use of observation and reason. This point is also repeated through primary and secondary sources. Hippocrates was the first to denounce the ideas of myth and superstition in medicine. All HippocraticRead MoreDurkheim s Vision Of Religion1604 Words   |  7 PagesReligion is one of the biggest functions in our society. (Kabamba, September 23) Religious rituals are also taught from the time one is born. Religion does not have to be one specific sect or group of people but religion is defined by the beliefs of the people and their ideologies. Beliefs in this day and age range on a continuum from having a God or higher being who is in charge of their lives to the other end of that continuum that there is no belief in a higher powe r or God. Emile Durkheim’s

H202 Decomposition Free Essays

Hydrogen Peroxide Decomposition Reaction Kinetics Purpose: In this experiment, you will determine the rate law and activation energy for the iodide-catalyzed decomposition of hydrogen peroxide. Overview: The decomposition of hydrogen peroxide is catalyzed by iodide according to the following reaction: 2H2O2 (aq) [pic] 2H2O (l) + O2 (g) The speed of the reaction is determined from the reactants being consumed or from products that are being formed. This must be determined experimentally by measuring the rate of change in the concentration of one of the reactants or one of the products. We will write a custom essay sample on H202 Decomposition or any similar topic only for you Order Now The change of concentration can be measured by such physical properties such as the volume of a gas or color intensity of a solution. The rate may be expressed, for example, as moles per liter of product being formed per minute, milliliters of gas being produced per minute, or moles per liter of reactant being consumed per second. During this experiment, you will determine the rate of decomposition of hydrogen peroxide in the presence of a catalyst, iodide. The goal in this experiment is to deduce a rate law for the reaction, showing the dependence of the rate on the concentrations of H2O2 and I-. Your rate law will be of the form: -[pic]= k[H2O2]x[I-]y k is the reaction rate constant and depends only on temperature. x is the reaction order with respect to the hydrogen peroxide concentration and y is the reaction order with respect to the iodide ion concentration. Your objective is to determine the numerical values for the exponents x and y and rate constant, k. You will also study the effect of temperature on the reaction. Materials: 0. 25M KI solution 3% H2O2 solution distilled water 125mL or 250mL Erlenmeyer flask 50mL gas collection tube ring stand test tube clamp one-hole rubber stopper eaker water bath 50mL graduate cylinder 5 and 10 mL pipets thermometer Procedure: 1. Fill one beaker about half full with water. Fill the gas collection tube with water and invert into this beaker. Clamp the gas collection tube to the ring stand. You will use this to measure the volume of gas generated in the reaction. 2. Place the Erlenmeyer flask into a water bath. Fill the waterbath two thirds full of water. Record the temperature of the water. Cap the Erlenmeyer flask with a one-hole rubber stopper. Insert a short piece of glass tubing into the one-hole rubber stopper. If necessary, cut a piece of glass tubing and fire polish the ends. Connect one end of the rubber tubing to the glass tubing and insert the other end into the gas collection tube. You are now ready to start the reaction. 3. Remove the rubber stopper from the 50 mL flask. Add 10 mL of the 0. 25 M KI solution and 15 mL of distilled water to the flask. 4. Add 5 mL of 3% H2O2 to the Erlenmeyer flask. Swirl to mix the solutions and immediately replace the rubber stopper. Begin taking oxygen volume readings immediately. 5. Record the time and oxygen volume (mL) every ten seconds for 240 econds or 30mL (whichever comes first). Swirl the flask during the reaction to prevent the solution becoming super saturated with oxygen. 6. Repeat the experiment, using a clean flask, with10mL of the 0. 25-M KI solution and 10mL of distilled water, then adding 10 mL of the 3% H2O2. 7. Repeat the experiment again, this time using 20mL of the 0. 25-M KI solution and 5mL of distilled water, then adding 5 mL o f the 3% H2O2. 8. Replace the water in the water bath containing the Erlenmeyer flask, with water that is 10-20(C warmer than previously used. Repeat the experiment using 10mL of 0. 25M KI, 15mL of distilled water and 5mL of the 3% H2O2. 9. For each of the three trials, plot the volume of oxygen in milliliters versus the time in seconds. Fit the data with the best-fit curve or straight line for each trial, ignoring the first sixty seconds of data. (Do not draw a line that connects point to point. ) 10. Calculate the slope (mL/sec) of each line. The slope of each line gives the rate of oxygen production in mL/seconds. 11. Use the slopes and the details from each trial to determine the reaction orders for the I- and H2O2. Note that the KI and H2O2 volume are proportional to their concentrations in the reaction solution. | |Slope (mL/sec) |KI |H2O2 | |Trial 1 | |10mL |5mL | |Trial 2 | |10mL |10mL | |Trial 3 | |20mL |5mL | 2. Calculate the rate constant, k, for the equation: -[pic]= k[H2O2]x[I-]y Substitute values for [H2O2], [I-], x,y and -[pic]/[pic]into the equation and solve for k. Use the reaction orders determined above for x and y. Using data from one of the trials, calculate the molarity of the H2O2 and I- in the reaction solution and the hydrogen peroxide disappearance rate. Use these values to substitute into the above equation. You can determine the hydrogen peroxide disappearance rate from the rate of oxygen production. Convert the rate of oxygen production to moles per second using PV=nRT. Remember to reduce the pressure of the oxygen by the water vapor pressure. Use stoichiometry to convert moles of oxygen to moles of hydrogen peroxide. Use the solution volume to convert the moles per second to molarity per second. Calculate the rate constant, k, to two significant digits. Be sure to include units. 13. Examine your results to determine the effect that temperature had on the reaction rate. 14. Calculate k for the higher temperature, and, using both k values determine the activation energy for this reaction[1]. Questions: 1. How would your calculated reaction rate constants and calculated activation energy have been affected if the nominally 3% hydrogen peroxide had a concentration of only 2%? 2. How would your results have been affected if extra water had accidentally been added to the reaction mixture? 3. If you do not agitate the reaction solution, it can become supersaturated with oxygen. How would this affect your results? . If you had been able to directly determine the concentration of hydrogen peroxide in the reaction solution, you would have been able to graph the concentration versus time. What would that graph look like? 5. If you had been able to directly determine the concentration of iodide in the reaction solution you would have been able to graph its concentration versus time. What would that graph look like? 6. What would you graph versus time to determine the reaction rate constant? How would you calculate k from the graph? dapted from a lab at Occidental College http://departments. oxy. edu/tops/Kinetics/kinetics. pdf ———————– [1] Activation energy, Ea, is related to the reaction rate constant, k, by the Arrhenius equation: k=Ae-Ea/RT. R is the ideal gas constant, 8. 314510 J/(K†¢mol). A is the frequency factor with units of L/mol†¢s, and is related to the fraction of collisions that have the correct geometry. The activation energy can be determined using reaction rate constants from two different temperatures using the Arrhenius Equation rearranged as: ln k2 – ln k1 = – [pic] How to cite H202 Decomposition, Papers

Woodrow Wilson free essay sample

At the same time he communicates the message that Americans as a new nation in the high and honorable hope should show mankind the way to liberty. President Wilson states that present war must be ended and Americas participation is aimed by a concern of future peace. He describes it as a peace that is worth guaranteeing and preserving, a peace that will win the approval of mankind, not merely a peace that will serve the several interests and immediate aims of the nations engaged.Without Americas participation secure peace in Europe would be impossible, and a new balance of power would be created. Wilson also points out that balance of power In Europe should be substitute for a community power; not organized rivalries but an organized, common peace He suggests that America would guarantee the stable equilibrium of the new arrangement. Also, to assure the stably of the peace In Europe it must be a peace without victory. We will write a custom essay sample on Woodrow Wilson or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Wilson was against peace forced upon the loser with it humiliation.. . ND a bitter memory, because he believed that only a peace between equals can last. It was Willows hope that the various warring powers could agree to end the war without carrying out to the point where one side was clearly defeated and had no choice but to surrender. Fairly obviously, this hope was not ultimately realized. The Entente powers, who were the victors, enforced such harsh conditions on the Central powers (particularly Germany) that they essentially ensured World War II, which is more or less what Wilson meant when he said only a peace without victory can last. Woodrow Wilson, War Message to Congress, 2 April 1917 In this address to Congress, asking for a declaration of war against Germany, how does Wilson explain the necessity of war? What will be the American peoples goal or war aim? The presidents purpose of this address was not only to convince the Congress that American participation In the final stages of the war would indefinitely Horton it and provide Wilson with the opportunity to establish the peace in Europe, but to change the American peoples opinion about isolationism.This war against mankind Wilson defined as the intent of German submarines to take the lives of innocent citizens, who were supplying aid or exporting goods on merchant ships. Wilson calls it a war against all nations, and makes his address seemed more convincing by associating the united States with other friendly (neutral) countries who are also suffered from German attacks. The president expressed his regret in having to make such a move but found it as his constitutional duty to so.Wilson the war for democracy, for the right of those who submit to authority to have a voice in their own governments, for the rights and liberties of small nations, for a universal dominion of right by such a concert of free peoples as shall bring peace and safety to all nations and make the world itself at last free. With the statement the world must be made safe for democracy, Wilson ruled out any questions as to why he was leading his country into combat and it became evident that his words pointed to principle, not selfish ends, as the motive for war.He proclaimed America wasnt sighting against the German people, but we were engaged in a battle opposing the government of which the people had no control over. We have no feeling towards them but one of sympathy and friendship. It was not upon their impulse that their government acted in entering this war. It was not with their previous knowledge or approval. Wilson summarizes his war aims into one sweeping goal: to make the world safe for democracy. He ended with, God helping her she can do no other. With this closing sentence Woodrow Wilson left America with no choice but to defend her honor.

Nora and Helmer Essay Example

Nora and Helmer Essay The relationship between Helmer and Nora strikes modern readers as intolerable.   Helmer assumes a position of superiority in the marriage which takes for granted his wife’s role as decorative accompaniment to the man of action and achievement.   At the end of the play Nora declares that she is not just a wife and mother. â€Å"I believe that before all else I am a human being, just as you are† (77).   Until the events of the play Nora has accepted her role as flighty, unserious, trivial, â€Å"charming† consort, though Ibsen shows from very early on that this is not the whole truth about her.   Her actions have been motivated largely by a desire to protect her husband from the consequences of his own arrogant folly.   It is a moment of great irony when Helmer says â€Å"I’ve forgiven you† (73), since her actions have been entirely self-sacrificing, and designed to save him, physically and mentally.   In her enlightened state she finds i t impossible to forgive him. Helmer’s attitudes are partly characteristic of his time, but it is clear that he has personal weaknesses that make his behavior more infuriating.   He calls Nora his â€Å"little lark† (3), â€Å"my little squirrel† (4) and other such patronizing endearments.   He also sees her as considerably less than a mature adult in her handling of the world.   She is â€Å"my little spendthrift† and â€Å"my little featherbrain† (4).   Money â€Å"just slips through your fingers† (6), though he is of course unaware of why she needs money.   His fussy attitude to debt, which he declares as a sort of gospel law to her, is the cause of the whole Krogstad crisis.   She can never tell him where the money came from – the money that saved his life – because â€Å"it would hurt his self-respect–wound his pride†¦ Our whole marriage would be wrecked by it† (16).   His pompous arrogance and priggishness force Nora to spin an elaborate fabric of concealment, and lead eventually to her realization of the truth.   Similarly his declaration that â€Å"Almost all cases of early delinquency can be traced to dishonest mothers† (32) terrifies her, but also reveals the central contempt he has for women generally, and therefore, though he would not admit it, for Nora herself.   Her only device to influence him seems to be her acceptance of the demeaning role he has designed for her.   If he will agree to reinstate Krogstad â€Å"Your squirrel would skip about and play all sorts of pretty tricks† (40).   He will not do it because he fears people would laugh at him for being influenced by his wife.   He is â€Å"entirely unimpeachable† (41) in contrast to her father, and anyway, Krogstad would address him by his Christian name, at which Nora’s mask comes off inadvertently and she says â€Å"But–it’s all so petty† (41), a disastrous thing to say to so egocentric a man. We will write a custom essay sample on Nora and Helmer specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Nora and Helmer specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Nora and Helmer specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer His behavior in Act 3 reveals all the truth of his deepest assumptions about her and their relationship.   When she tells him he is always right she is â€Å"my sweet, sensible little lark† (65).   His conception of their marriage is that she is a property: â€Å"Why shouldn’t I look at my own dearest treasure? – at all this loveliness that is mine† (65).   His passion for his â€Å"young bride† (66) is misplaced, as he disregards her mood.   How can she not want him at the moment, â€Å"Aren’t I your husband –?† (66)?   All the assumptions of power are in his words, and a disregard for her human individuality.   His romantic dream of saving her from danger seems stupid in the circumstances, and leads to his horrific change of tone when he reads Krogstad’s letter.   Now she is â€Å"a hypocrite, a liar† (71).   She has inherited her father’s lack of principle.   He urges her, with supreme i rony, to â€Å"stop all this play-acting† (71).   She will no longer be allowed to bring up the children, though the pretence of normal married life will be maintained for the sake of appearances.   Then his response to the second letter is sickening:   â€Å"Nora, I’m saved! I’m saved!† (72), his thoughts concentrated, as they always have been in fact, entirely on himself.   Then he can go back to the role of protecting knight, he thinks. â€Å"There’s something very endearing about a woman’s helplessness† (73).   But by now Nora has seen the truth, and the cataclysmic but liberating end is in sight. Nora has accepted her position without serious question until this final crisis, again as a result of social convention.   The marriage relationship has required her to be a child, and that is what she has done.   She never rebels at Helmer’s patronizing descriptions of her, choosing to see them only as affectionate, and indeed living her life in an immature fashion.   She is always laughing gaily, childishly eating macaroons and sweets in secret: â€Å"(Wags a threatening finger at her): Has my little sweet-tooth been breaking rules today?† (7). She is happy to let him think that her desire for money is a result of her irresponsibility.   â€Å"Oh! How lovely it all is† (8), she cries of her life in general.   With Mrs Linde she is terribly insensitive in the way children are.   She tells this aging, childless widow that â€Å"I want you to tell me all about yourself† but immediately goes on to burst out naively that with Helmer’s new j ob, â€Å"I’m so happy and excited! Won’t it be wonderful to have lots and lots of money, and nothing to worry about† (10).   But when Mrs Linde says â€Å"You’re just a child, Nora† (13), it begins to become clear that there is far more to her.   The money was borrowed to save Helmer’s life, and indeed all the ramifications of her actions stem from the necessity to prevent him from knowing how she got the money, to protect his foolish male arrogance, in fact.   Money can be raised by a wife in this patriarchal world â€Å"if a wife has a good head on her shoulders† (15), and this is exactly what she has.   Now we can see why she asks him for money, though she does not disturb his conception of her as irresponsible.   Her whole life is play-acting, but the role she plays is the one designed for her by him, and by the society for which he speaks, and so deeply ingrained that she is largely unaware of it herself. The rebellion is not yet here though.   She plays happily with the children, characteristically taking on the role of a child herself.   Everything will be all right because â€Å"after all – I only did it for love’s sake† (30) and to please Torvald.   She takes his warning about the corrupting effect of the mother seriously and plans to leave her children, seeing herself alone as guilty.   She continues to play the â€Å"squirrel†, only once laughing at his pettiness, where surely her genuine intelligence comes to the surface.   She will sacrifice herself, even, to save Helmer’s â€Å"honor†, and dances for him, desperately clinging to the myth that â€Å"we’re having such fun† (56).   Mrs Linde urges her to â€Å"tell your husband everything† (63), but Nora knows him well enough to realize that this is not an available option.   Her hope is that â€Å"the wonderful thing† (57) will happen, that Helm er will indeed act as the all-wise protector he has always claimed to be, but even as she says this she is calculating how many hours she has left to live.   She is always too intelligent to believe her own fantasies. Only she can understand Rank’s tragic plight, and her â€Å"Sleep well, Doctor Rank† (69) is moving and compassionate.   Then comes the crisis of the letter and all her buried intelligence comes to the surface and her life is transformed from fantasy to reality.   She is quiet through all his attacks and then â€Å"forgiveness† because â€Å"I think I’m beginning to understand for the first time† (71).   They have never had â€Å"a serious talk† (75) before, and his failure to understand what she means is a measure of the gap between them.   With calm fluency she tells him the complete, unflinching truth as it now appears to her intelligence.   â€Å"You never loved me.   You just thought it was fun to be in love with me† (75).   Movement from her father’s house to her husband’s was simply replacing one nursery with another.   She was never happy, â€Å"only merry† (76), a quite different thing.   Now she must start her education in the world.   He can make nothing of her words, perhaps because they challenge so radically everything he assumes to be true, and he is the most conventional of men, who married, it now emerges, the most original of women. He says she is ill, but in fact â€Å"I’ve never felt so sure – so clear headed – as I do tonight† (78).   She cannot spend the night in a strange man’s house, and the heavy front door slams behind her. It is hardly surprising that A Doll’s House caused a commotion when first performed in 1880.   It still has a power to shock as well as to move audiences.   The view of marriage it contains undoubtedly helped to change the world, and the profound understanding of Nora’s experience provoked thought and reflection in all who saw it.   It is one of the documents of the modern world.

Technology to address challenges for intelligence agencies

Technology to address challenges for intelligence agencies Introduction After the terrorist attacks directed towards the United States on September 11, 2001, intelligence agencies shifted their attention to sealing hidden weaknesses in the existing defense measures. Over the years, there have been increased attempts to analyze security weaknesses and develop strategies to deal with emerging challenges. This has led to the establishment of research units in order to understand existing or future security threats to the United States.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Technology to address challenges for intelligence agencies specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Apparently, terrorist adversaries have been remarkably helpful in the search for potential emerging trends (Jackson and Frelinger 2). With the Internet available to be used by everyone without major restrictions, many people are today involved in helping the government address issues of security threats with or without their knowledge. Using sophisticated mechanisms, it is possible for security experts attached to different intelligence agencies to track information and understand possible approaches that may be used by terrorists. Generally, the task requires intelligence agencies to establish the various avenues that may be used for terrorist attacks including buildings, means of transport, or information technology. Apparently, almost anything today can be used to create extremely dangerous weapons. In addition, people associated with terror groups also provide make critical information available for intelligence agencies. By participating in forums organized by the terrorists, supporters share their thoughts and get to opportunities to know the other option available. When this information is exchanged via the Internet, it eventually becomes available to intelligence agencies. Clearly, the act of sharing information back and forth among the supporters of the terror gangs enable members of the intel ligence teams to quickly become aware of other possible forms of attack. Through their own investigation processes, intelligence agencies also discover and add on to what is collected from communication activities of terrorists. Although many of the operations detected during such activities are less operational, they provide a constant stream of novel potential attacks to challenge security planners. The media also serves as a useful channel for discovering how the terrorists carry out their operations. Through newspapers, television, and other forms of media, information regarding the operations of terrorist groups is exposed to the public. Intelligence agencies can the take advantage of the media activities to enrich their knowledge of terrorist activities and prepare to counter their illegal activities. The information gathered can be well documented and can be of help in future preparations of the intelligence teams to deal with security threats.Advertising Looking for essay on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is, however, important to note that as security professionals continue to work hard to understand the mind of the terrorists and how they plan and execute their operations, new ways of concealing terror acts are being discovered almost every day. Although technologies exist to secure communication through the Internet, other emerging technologies are also available to compromise security on the Internet. Military Operations of the Future According to Graham, military operations of the future will be predicted on information dominance (29). Emerging technology enables the rapid collection, processing, and dissemination of an increasing volume of highly accurate strategic, operational, and tactical information. Much of this information comes from reconnaissance, surveillance, and intelligence assets in air and space but the national and international information i nfrastructure are of benefit as well. Beyond doubt, control of the information spectrum will be pivotal to the outcome of conflict in the twenty first century. It will involve not only the preservation of access to such information but also the denying of access to adversaries. The armed forces are vitally dependent on space systems for information, communications, and operational support that range from targeting assistance to weather reporting. It is clear that space will feature even more in defense programs and strategies of the future. As noted by Graham, the Air Force launches and operates more than ninety per cent of all Department of Defense space assets (30). The Air Force has also been designated as the Department of Defense executive agent for multi user space systems. The increasing importance of the military space program is such that it must be accorded priority in research, development, and funding by the Department of Defense and by the nation. Leading requirements i nclude routine, affordable, reliable access to space and better systems to detect and track theater ballistic missile launches. On recognizing the need to boost the security in the United States, President Clinton directed his government to ensure that intelligence agencies integrated technology in their operations. This move was meant to improve security both in the United States and globally in the face of a fast changing security environment and emerging threats to national and international security. Support for this was later provided through increased budgetary allocations for the operations of intelligence agencies. According to NRC, there are numerous technologies in the global market today that hinder the ability of intelligence agencies to relay their communications in a more secure manner (32). A quick scan of the market will, therefore, reveal many other security challenges in the global arena.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Technology to addre ss challenges for intelligence agencies specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Throughout the world, there have been various attempts to come up with technologies that are dependant as far as dealing with national and international security is concerned. In the Middle East, for example, efforts were made to develop nuclear capability for internal use to enhance security. Another development that has been regarded as dangerous is the return of foreigners to their countries after staying in the United States for a considerable amount of time. It is presumed that such people could have decide to return home after gathering information about the United States that will later be used to launch terrorist activities in the country. Silence is another silent threat that nations must be concerned about. Although often missed out, intelligence agencies must create time to understand the implications of silence. Despite the fact that people may be silent, it is possible that this can be an attempt to protect their secrets and hide their intentions from their intended targets (Khosrowpour 10). Intelligence and Technology in the Face of Emerging Security Threats From the preceding discussion, intelligence agencies have to work extremely hard to integrate technology in their operations. As attackers are constantly seeking more efficient ways to launch their attacks, it is vital for the intelligence team to keep abreast through research and new discoveries. According to NRC, technology is responsible for creating tremendous changes in the society because of their availability everywhere (29). An obvious need for the use of technology to deal with security concerns may be linked to the fact that they include sensors which are today used widely in a number of key operations across the world. Besides being used by the military, sensors are also used for many commercial services. The use of the radio frequency identification tags is an example that has received so much recognition globally. Although modern technology is far much better than the technology of yester years, what is available today borrows heavily from past technology. Beyond doubt, previous technologies offered a very strong foundation for the technology of today (Khosrowpour 13). Apparently most of these technologies had their beginnings in the United States supported by the Department of Defense. In the present world, one can not fail to notice the contribution of technology to the state of security throughout the world. There are many benefits that have so far been realized through the use of technology as far as managing security is concerned. As we move into the future, technology will continue to take a central position in the management of national and international security.Advertising Looking for essay on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Technology and Intelligence Led by the United States, many nations have now recognized the importance of integrating technology in intelligence operations. As the United States continues to allocate more resources for enhancing its national security, other countries are also following suit but a slower pace. For the United States, investment insecurity is driven by the desire to protect its citizens and to become a model for other nations to emulate. Due to its increased spending on security, the United States is now able to take pride in its improved level of security. Unlike in the past, intelligence agencies are forced to utilize technology to undertake numerous activities geared towards strengthening the country’s security. Despite being very sensitive area, technological advances regarding matters of security are often discussed openly. These include developments in cryptology as well as computer security that are very critical to the subject of security. Secure Hash Alg orithm (SHA) is major security technology that has been used quite extensively over the years. Though considered very secure, the standard is slowly being replaced by other modern technologies with improved features. On the other hand, however, it is almost impossible to understand how strong the government’s intention to use these technologies is since this information is never made available to the general public. Considering the emerging trend of threats, it is important to think about the software being used, the type of hardware, and to incorporate other technologies such as supercomputing, and use of communications systems. These are explained as follows. Software In any system today, software plays a major role. To achieve the best results, software designers must ensure that the software is developed in a way that can easily integrate with the desired security systems. Those who are more adept at designing, implementing, and operating large complex, software based sys tems will be at a distinct advantage twenty first century operations that are increasingly dependent on information superiority (Duyan 30). Poor software slows down the impressive gains made to date in computer hardware. As part of their duties, intelligence agencies should monitor the development of software to ensure that designs meet the required standards. This is exercise is especially important considering that many countries today are in the business of software development and they may be using different standards. Close monitoring is, therefore, necessary to guarantee quality. Without close supervision, designers can easily get a way with poor quality products that do not meet the set standards. The use of modern programming languages and techniques should be encouraged in order to factor in vital features that are required to produce reliable and extremely secure software. As new technologies continue to emerge, it is important to check that the design of software is able to offer support for thee technologies. It would certainly be wrong for a software developer to come up with any product that fails to accommodate existing technologies. The existence of wireless technologies and the coming of cloud computing and any other newer technologies must be thought about during the design process. Hardware Similar to software, it is important to think about the quality of hardware to be used to support the different security services that must be offered. To a large extent, the nature of technology to be used by the intelligence agencies must meet the required standard. The use of less superior hardware platforms will greatly compromise the performance of the security systems and create serious problems for the intelligence teams. A good practice is to liaise with the design team to ensure that the hardware acquired will yield the expected results. Generally, the advice received from the software developers is critical to ensuring that whatever is provided will perform as expected. In cases where the client has gone ahead to procure hardware without receiving professional advice from developers, the outcome has been quite disastrous and huge sums of money have been lost in the process. It is, therefore, prudent to take all the necessary precautions in order to avert disappointments later. Supercomputing In the recent past, a lot of interest has been generated about super computers. These computers have become the vocabulary of all educated persons throughout the world. Generally, supercomputers are the fastest and most expensive computers available at any given time. Although the cost of computers has been going down over the years, the cost of supercomputers has remained fairly steady. Given the requirements for security, intelligence agencies must never compromise on the quality of computer to be used. With its high speed of execution and power a super computer offers the best environment for managing security threats. Supercomputin g should therefore be encouraged in order to protect a nation and its citizens. Despite the fact that it is a very expensive computer to acquire, its services are equally admirable. Communications Systems and Related Technologies Although the Internet presents us with great opportunities for communication, it also comes along with serious challenges that must be handled effectively. One of the greatest challenges of using the Internet is the danger of ones communication being tapped into (Duyan 35). Despite the fact that various technologies have been developed to address the problem of Internet security, attackers are still able to go round the system and do as they please. This includes planning of terror attacks. Conclusion The ability to use technology to address challenges posed by emerging security threats globally is critical for intelligence agencies. Since offenders are often looking for new and more complex ways to launch attacks, intelligence agencies must work extra hard to come up with mechanisms of ensuring that criminals do not outsmart them. It is imperative for governments to equip intelligence agencies with the necessary tools to support their research activities and to build more secure systems that can not be easily be compromised. Duyan, Adil. Defense against Terrorism: Different Dimensions and Trends of an Emerging Threat, Kabul, Afghanistan: IOS Press, 2012. Print. Graham, Joseph. What the U. S. Military Can Do to Defeat Terrorism, Lincoln, NE: iUniverse, 2002. Print. Jackson, Brian, and David Frelinger. Emerging Threats and Security Planning: How Should We Decide What Hypothetical Threats to Worry About, Arlington, VA: Rand Corporation, 2009. Print. Khosrowpour, Mehdi. Emerging Trends and Challenges in Information Technology Management, Hershey, PA: Idea Group Inc, 2006. Print. National Research Council (NRC). Avoiding Surprise in an Era of Global Technology Advances, Washington, DC: National Academies Press, 2005. Print.

Captain Corellis Mandolin Essay Example for Free

Captain Corelli’s Mandolin Essay Carlo asserts â€Å"War is a wonderful thing, in movies and in books.† By close reference to the novel, explore how war shows people at their worst and their best. The novel Captain Corelli’s Mandolin, written by Louis De Bernieres in 1994, explores â€Å"humanity; we sigh at their suffering as they are ripped apart and forever changed by war.†1 The quotation in the title is spoken by Carlo quite early on in the novel, at the end of chapter 15, titled ‘L’Omosessuale (4)’. He is referring to the idea that war is repeatedly shown to be patriotic, heroic, and indeed wonderful especially in film and literature. However, from Carlos’ experiences in Albania, he knows the true reality of war, as he has seen and experienced the suffering. We can trace Carlos’ progression of thought through his personal chapters; all entitled ‘L’Omosessuale’. He begins saying, â€Å"How wonderful it was to be at this war†(p.119) We hear him describe crossing the foreign border as â€Å"exhilarating†, and he and his comrades view themselves as â€Å"the new legionaries of the new empire that would last ten thousand years.†(p.119) This was his view at the very beginning of war, before he had really experienced any suffering. As he is yet to encounter any conflict, it is likely he has been influenced by the propaganda at the time, organised by the Italian leader, Mussolini. The next quotation is said slightly further on during Carlos’ experience, â€Å"How wonderful it was to be at war, until the weather turned against us.†(p.120) It is here that we begin to hear of some of the suffering that Carlo and his comrades had to endure, such as â€Å"we were ten thousand men soaked to the bone†(p.120). The real tragedy of war is death, and Carlo has had direct experience of this. He says, â€Å"War is wonderful until someone is killed†(p.122). This is when De Bernieres chooses to use graphic images to show the suffering that Carlo and his comrades endure. â€Å"I realised that I was covered with gory scraps of human flesh that were freezing fast to my uniform†(p.122). Finally, Carlo says the quotation in the title, â€Å"War is a wonderful thing, in movies and in books† on page 124. It is here that Carlo has realised the actuality of war, and can see that this idealised version is fictitious and can only be seen in movie and in books. â€Å"War scorches a trail through all of their lives. What seems, at the beginning of the novel, like a game, a challenge to manhood, a matter of honour, an occasion for political satire, becomes an appalling reality.2 Carlo asserts that war is shown to be wonderful in movies and in books. However, De Bernieres does not follow this trend, and shows the war for what it is. De Bernieres’ characters starve and die slowly with their entrails hanging out; he depicts the horror that they have to endure to fight for their country, and the suffering that they are put through. â€Å"It was as though a portion of my mind has disappeared, or as though my soul had diminished to a tiny point of grey light†(p.138). De Bernieres also shows the gore and bloodshed caused by the war, when he describes the death of Francesco. In chapter 19, L’Omosessuale (6), De Bernieres uses Carlo’s narrative to tell the reader the true details of Francesco’s death, and then the sanitised version for his mother. As well as this showing Carlos’ considerate nature, it also confirms that many people did view the war in a very different light from its reality, including Francesco’s mother. â€Å"He died on a fine day, Signora, with the sun shining and the birds singing.† â€Å"(He died on a day when the snow was melting and when, beneath that carapace, there were emerging a thousand corpses, knapsacks, rusted riffles, water bottles, illegible unfinished letters drenched in blood)† (p.148). Corelli wrote the novel, after falling in love with the Island of Cephallonia, and wanting to inform readers about what happened to this Island during World War II. For this reason, he has depicted a very real and veritable account of atrocities that occurred during the Second World War. â€Å"Everyone is shot, without regard for rank or role, even the medics and the chaplains.†3 However, in the film adaptation of Captain Corelli’s Mandolin, directed by John Madden, war is viewed in a very different light. De Bernieres has said of the film â€Å"The problem is that film-makers take out all your good ideas and replace them with a load of stupid ones.†4 The depiction of war in the film is very different and many scenes seem to have been â€Å"watered down†5, in order to appeal to far wider audience. The movie has been widely criticised, after changing the story line drastically from a tragic story of the destruction and consequences of war, to a love story between Corelli and Pelagia. â€Å"Where de Bernià ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½res’ book makes it clear from the start that war is unforgivingly ugly, for a long time the film’s only hint of this is a glimpse of Mandras’s battle-scarred feet.†6 Although much of De Bernieres novel depicts the horror of war, some of the consequences of war are indeed wonderful. Corelli and Pelagia would have never found love without the intervention of war in their lives, and although ultimately war destroys their love, the moments spent together made the war endurable. The prefatory poem at the beginning on the novel shows Louis De Bernieres hinting, even before the novel has begun, that war will be an important theme throughout. ‘The Soldier’ by Humbert Wolfe describes the waste of war, and the loss of lives and of youth. Links are evident between this poem and Captain Corelli’s mandolin as they both explore the way in which war has an effect on different people. The presence of war on the Island of Cephallonia has various effects on different characters and can expose people’s flaws and merits. An excellent example of this is the contrast shown between Mandras and Antonio Corelli. Corelli has been drawn into a war that he really has no heart for. â€Å"You mean you’re a soldier by mistake?† (p. 206, Pelagia). He has no desires to be a soldier and his character is often seen as anti-military. When giving punishments he does not follow the rules that are expected of him, â€Å"To everyone’s surprise the captain pointed his pistol straight into the face of one of the culprits†(p.324). However, although he had no intention of doing so, Corelli proves to be an excellent comrade and shows morality throughout the war. â€Å"This is my morality, I make myself imagine that it is personal†(p.351). This is greatly contrasted with the character of Mandras. He has very high expectations about the life of a soldier and feels he has to prove himself to Pelagia and the rest of the Island. He resents those who know more than him, yet does not want to prove himself intellectually, as he believes â€Å"no man is a man until he has been a soldier†(p.80) Carlos’ assertion that war is wonderful in movies and in books reflects a idealised view of the war. However, Mandras believes that this view was the reality of war and he felt that becoming a soldier would make him more worthy as a man. â€Å"I’ll come back and everyone will say, That’s Mandras, who fought in the war. We owe everything to people like him.† He is indoctrinated by what is expected of him, and is predicted to conform. However high Mandras’ expectations were, the war does not elevate him, it brings him down. During his experiences in war he saw others abuse their power, and now feels he has a right to do the same, The war de-humanises him, and instead of changing him for the better it changes him for the worse. The war in Cephallonia showed the best and the worst in people. In Antonio Corelli’s case it displays his merits as he has the opportunity to exercise his humanity in the treatment of others. From the beginning of the novel, Corelli is represented as a laid-back, light-hearted leader. Although he has a great talent as a leader, he is very modest and introduces Carlo as â€Å"one of our heroes, He has a hundred medals for saving life and none for taking it†(p.202). He proves himself as an excellent comrade and Captain by being faithful to his men until the very end. â€Å"There is no honour in this war, but I have to be with my boys†(p.392). His introduction of La Scala also shows good comradeship, as it is a humorous and practical solution to having to use communal toilets. This is also a crucial element of the novel, as before they go to join the shooting line up, they sing to maintain their composure. He also shows his forgiving nature when he chooses to forgive Gunter for what he has done. â€Å"I forgive you. If I do not, who will?†(p.397). He says of himself â€Å"I am not a natural parasite†(p.305) and this is seen clearly when he avoids any confrontation with Pelagia. He is uncomfortable about living with Pelagia and her father â€Å"Tonight I shall sleep in the yard and tomorrow I shall request alternative accommodation†(p.204). Corelli’s fondness for animals is De Bernieres way of showing positive traits in a character. The fact that Corelli is so attached to Psipsina shows that he is an admirable man and the reader feel connected to him. â€Å"The captain had some engaging traits. He tied a cork to a piece of string, and sprinted about the house with Psipsina in hot pursuit†¦and if the animal happened to be sitting on a piece of music, he would go away and fetch another sheet rather than disturb her†(p.250) Corelli also shows fondness for children in his relationship with Lemoni. Although there is a language barrier, the two are able to communicate on a different level, and are able to enjoy each other’s company. â€Å"The child was whooping and laughing, and it appeared that what was transpiring was a lesson in Italian. ‘Bella fanciulla,’ the captain was saying. He was waiting for Lemoni to repeat it. ‘Bla fanshla,’ she giggled.† (p. 211) He also appears to have a very different attitude than other soldiers, when he arrives in Cephallonia with his mandolin strapped to his back, and not a gun, as you would expect from a soldier. The mandolin â€Å"that was called Antonia because it was the other half of himself.† This love for music is another engaging trait that the captain has, and is one of the reasons Pelagia falls in love with him. We also see this originality to his character when Gunter Weber, a german soldier, introduces himself. Weber says â€Å"Heil Hitler†, yet Corelli says â€Å"Heil Puccini†, showing he has a very different attitude to the war, and will not be led by anyone. This again shows his love for classical music, as Puccini was a great composer, whom Corelli was an admirer of. His relationship with Pelagia is clearly one of great love and admiration, however it also contains sexual desires, which are never consummated. â€Å"Such slender fingers, such pink nails. He imagined them engaged upon amorous and nocturnal things, and realised that he was disturbing Psipsina.†(p.259, Corelli) This shows ongoing respect for Pelagia and her father, and also shows Corelli’s caring and considerate temperament. In contrast to Corelli, the character Mandras is brutalised by war. He believes that war will change him for the better, yet it changes him for the worse. He becomes a victim of propaganda and a victim of his insecurities. Before he leaves for war he tells Pelagia â€Å"I’m a Greek†¦not a Fascist†(p.214) War changes him for the worse as he is very easily led and allows others to influence him. This may have had a positive effect on Mandras if he had chosen Iannis to guide him, yet he chooses Hector, the leader of a branch of the ELAS. Joining this group causes him to abandon his personal values, and this is seen when he whips the old man. â€Å"Mandras did not even notice that the man had stopped moving, had stopped screaming and whining†(p.233). He manages to blank out the emotions that he should be feeling, and begins to enjoy the power he holds over this old man. â€Å"If you didn’t think about what it was, it sounded weirdly beautiful†(p.234) After returning from the war, he becomes much more manipulative, especially towards Pelagia and Drosoula. â€Å"Mandras had begun his exile into inaccessibility by dramatising the idea of death†(p.180). Pelagia was â€Å"convinced that he was doing it on purpose as an act of vengeance or punishment.†(p.180). This shows a very cruel side to Mandras that we have never seen before, and it clearly takes the war to bring out this negative side of his character. He has clearly been indoctrinated by the propaganda of the war, and this is seen in chapter 63, when he recites communist slogans. â€Å"The party is never wrong. Whoever is not with us is against us†(p.447) He does not seem to be questioning what he has been told, he just repeats it. He has experienced others abusing their power during his time with the ELAS and now sees this as an approved way of behaving. â€Å"De Bernià ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½res explores power and its abuse†7 He insults and belittles Pelagia after he returns from fighting and tortures her further, even though he should see that she has suffered enough during the war. De Bernieres shows a side to Mandras that readers have never seen before. He represents him as evil and sadistic, and we see Mandras refer to Pelagia as a â€Å"slut†. His morals have disintegrated following his fighting with the ELAS, and feels that he can do whatever he wants. This is due to the fact that the ELAS would make up their own rules for their comrades to follow. The war de-humanises Mandras and he represents the damage that can be inflicted by extreme politics. In Mandras’ death, De Bernieres wants readers to feel pity for him, as it is clear the communist party has seriously indoctrinated him. He dies as a victim of the war, and a desire to prove himself worthy, and this also evokes compassion in the reader Carlo is a character in the novel who shows how war can bring out the best in people. He is a very honourable character, and has to live with the secret that he is homosexual. He puts aside his desire for Corelli in order to help the romance between Pelagia and Corelli develop. â€Å"I have loved you with the same surprise and gratitude that I see in your own eyes when you are with Pelagia†(p.384). He shows true bravery in front of the firing squad when stepping in front of Corelli to save his life. â€Å"Antonio Corelli†¦had found in front of him the titanic bulk of Carlo Guercio†(p.399). De Bernieres uses Carlo’s narrative in the chapters entitled L’Omosessuale, and this allows the readers to sympathise further with the silent suffering that Carlo has to endure during the war. His writings are eloquently written and his language is poetic and beautiful, showing the gentle side to his character. â€Å"He died on a fine day, Signora, with the sun shining and the birds singing.†(P.148, Carlo) â€Å"Father Arsenios was saved by the war†(p.292). De Bernieres absolves Arsenios after the war and liberates him from his former self. However, the characters perceive him as a mad man and cannot see that war has brought about his finest hour. He is referred to as the â€Å"crazy priest† yet he feels he is a saviour and â€Å"it is probable that, had he lived, Arsenios might have become a saint†(p.295). De Bernieres chooses to depict war in a graphic and realistic light in his novel, Captain Corelli’s Mandolin. Although in many films or books war is shown to be wonderful, this idealised version is proved wrong in De Bernieres novel, as he shows the suffering that the soldiers were forced to endure. He shows that the war has different effects on different people, and it can expose their faults or their merits. Mandras is forever changed by the war, as he returns indoctrinated by the communist party. His death proves that his natural environment is the sea, where he can be accepted and does not have to prove himself. In contrast Corelli’s merits are shown to be more prominent as the war develops, and also as his love for Pelagia develops. The reader is drawn to the character of Corelli, even though he is an occupying soldier, as he shows compassion, kindness and respect during his time in Cephallonia. Captain Corelli’s Mandolin. (2017, Aug 23). We have essays on the following topics that may be of interest to you

Being an Effective Instructional Designer Essay - 4

Being an Effective Instructional Designer - Essay Example Competency in the field of instructional design depends on the ability to provide effective implementation of instructional products and programs. It is considered as an important competency. According to Richey Fields, Instructional designer need to use evaluation data as a guide for revision of products and programs. It is important for them to ensure that their products are programs are updated as and when needed. They also should ensure that the instructional products and programs are revised and changed according to changing policies and the need of the time. (10 Qualities of the Ideal Instructional Designer) There are various things that an effective instructional designer needs to consider. According to Covey, an instructional designer needs to be pro-active. Pro-activity is considered as the ability to adapt to changing situations through one’s own choices. It’s about solving solutions instead of waiting for others to solve the problems. Instructional designers should be proactive especially when in the business field. They need to be pro-active and observe business trends and build health relations. They need to be proactive and make sure that instead of waiting for clients to come down with requests, they should keep up with their business well enough to anticipate their needs. The next most important part of an instructional designer’s job is emphasis on performance analysis. It is considered as the single most important competency for success in this field. Thus conducting first-rate performance analysis is a very important aspect of this field. In a lot of cases, managers will be pressurized to take a shortcut to direct action. However this strategy should be discouraged and an action should follow an analysis. Thus the lesson here is to ensure that the customers are given what they need instead of what the instructional designer perceives that they need. Instructional designers need to ensure that they have the end mapped in t heir mind before they begin. Thus it is important for instructional designers to pursue clear-cut rules and understand the business goals that need to be accomplished. They should know what exactly do the clients expect in the end? Where does the organization stand today and how far have they reached? The objectives and development work should follow the mission set before them. As mentioned in the aforementioned paragraphs, it is important to do performance analysis by instructional designers. It is even more important to do this performance analysis creatively for them. It is often observed that the model for performance analysis used by writers tends to be very simple and does not highlight the complexity associated with human performance problems. The point of emphasis here is that one should think out of outbox. One should think in terms of the the competencies that the client needs to possess for the instructional design to be used successfully? Should the routine performance appraisals and job descriptions be followed or should other means of feedback be pursued? One should be willing to pursue why? (William J. Rothwell, 2008) The next point of emphasis for instructional design field is the need to educate managers about performance analysis.  

International criminal matters, policies, regulations, standards, Essay

International criminal matters, policies, regulations, standards, - Essay Example orism by the international community was in the year 1937 when the then League of Nations adopted the conventional for Prevention and Punishment of terrorism. Even after the League was abolished, the newly formulated United Nations or the UN adopted several resolutions to strengthen its member nations with more powerful international laws to tackle terrorism in an efficient and jut manner. The terrorism prevention branch of the United Nations office on Drugs and Crime, as mandated by the General Assembly of the UN, provides assistance to requesting countries in legal and related aspects of counter terrorism, especially for the purpose of implementing the International Law which could strengthen their national criminal justice system and to apply the provisions in compliance with the law. The UN has tried to simplify the process for understanding the law and its provisions for its member nations by developing certain tools like manuals for this purpose. These tools are also very helpful for legal practitioners to fight legal cases against global terrorism in an efficient manner. As per UN plans to counter global terrorism, all member nations have resolved to fully co-operate in the fight against terrorism which is in accordance with their obligations under international law. As per the law all member nations are required to find, deny safe havens, extradite or prosecute any person who supports, facilitates, participates or attempt to participates in financing, planning, participating or perpetration of terrorist activities. Member states are required to ensure extraditions of perpetrators of terrorist activities in accordance with the rule of international law. The security council of UN has adopted several resolutions regarding the fight against terrorism. One of the most important resolutions is resolution number 1373 (Bianchi 86) which was adopted after the unfortunate terrorist attack on USA on September 11, 2001. This resolution clearly states that

How to manage the SMART targets in your career plan. Essay Example for Free

How to manage the SMART targets in your career plan. Essay To complete Business course with DDD by the end of the year. I will do this by attending classes, doing tutorials, turning up to one to ones and studying the course work book at home. I will also aim to hand everything in on time and meet all my deadlines in order to stay on top of the work. In order to get a DDD by the end of the year I must get Merits in all my subjects, if I get a one pass for a unit then I must get a distinction in another unit in order to level it out. Select an appropriate course at a reputable University. I will do this by going to open days and logging on to the universities individual websites where there are usually options to do a virtual tour. In order to go to a university that will offer me good teaching in the area of graphic design I will have to look at a graphic design university leader board in order to see who offers the best learning. I must also speak to graphic design students at different universities to see their opinion on what the teaching is like and how good the facilities are. Apply for university before December. I will apply to university before December by making sure I have written up my first draft of my personal statement early to give my tutor enough time to give back amendments and for me to improve it. I will also look on the internet to find good examples of personal statements and guides on how to write them. Find cheap student accommodation. I will find cheap student accommodation by first selecting the university that I wish to study at and then asking at their help desk for some leaflets about the surrounding places I can live at as a student. I could also check the university’s website for links to student accommodation or details on the site about living in the halls of university. I will try to get the cheapest deal I can whilst not compromising on quality by looking through a lot of student apartments. Complete university course with 2:1 by 2014. I will attempt to complete my university course with 2:1 by purchasing the correct equipment before going to university. This will be a laptop that can stand high end applications and will help me be more efficient in completing assignments because my computer can cope with the programs needed for graphic design. I will also purchase books that will prepare me well for the course; these will be details about HTML coding and guides on how to use Adobe products that will be used in university. I will study hard by attending as many lectures as possible and taking notes on the subject, I will then take this theory into practice into the workshops provided by the university. I will keep on top of the assignments from day one in order to keep on top of my work and in control.

The Metamorphosis of Macbeth Essay -- GCSE Coursework Macbeth Essays

The Metamorphosis of Macbeth  Ã‚   Shakespeare’s play, Macbeth demonstrates what can happen when one pursues power at the expense of everything else.     The main character, Macbeth begins the play as a strong character that is greatly admired, however as the play progresses, Macbeth's personality and actions become more and more deceitful. Macbeth’s deceit eventually leads to his destruction. Following the murder of Duncan, Macbeth realizes that the murder has put him into the control of demon forces which are the enemy of mankind. Macbeth recognizes that the conscious acts which torture him essentially reduce him to a human individual. This is the inescapable bond that keeps him "pale" and at Act 3 Scene 2, he states: "Come seeling night Scarf up the tender eye of pitiful day, And with thy bloody and invisible hand Cancel and tear to pieces that great bond Which keeps me pale" The above quote by Macbeth demonstrates that he imagines that the execution of more murderous deeds, (instigation of the murder of Banquo), will help him pursue his interest of personal safety and also destroy any personal humanity left within himself. Immediately after the death of Duncan, Macbeth is disgusted with himself for murdering Duncan. This is shown by Macbeth when he states: "I have done the deed" He says this instead of simply saying that he has murdered Duncan and is consequently almost trying to avoid the subject. This demonstrates that Macbeth is deeply ashamed of what he has done. Macbeth also feels that the killing of Duncan has cut him off from God, because before the murder the text is full of references to things being divine, but following the murder everything in the text becomes bleak and unhol... ...e prophecies give Macbeth a false sense of security. Macbeth is very insecure, which is an explanation as to why he feels he has to kill anyone who he remotely views as a threat to his reign including his plan to murder Macduff: "I'll make assurance double sure" I think this is because he is so insecure that he feels he needs to kill Macduff to make the prophecy come true. The multiple roles of Macbeth in the play demonstrate his changing character and illustrate the complete evolution of Macbeth's personality. Macbeth begins as a respectable person and gradually his personality descends until he eventually falls apart and loses control. Perhaps the message that Shakespeare is sending is that no good will come from evil -even if it first appears that you will not be found out. Works Cited: Shakespeare, William. Macbeth. New York: Penguin Books, 1987.

Conference and Banqueting Management Essay

Introduction This report presents a research into the banqueting and conference sector of the hospitality industry, focusing on size and scope of banqueting in UK and the importance that has grown in the past years because of world-wide conference and meeting development as well as and the financial evolution that has brought the segment to the national economy Conference and banqueting is normally about putting together an event and it usually have as a scope different forms of get-together like a ceremony, or a celebration, small gatherings, seminars, family events, birthday party or weddings. The event industry is a truly global industry with events being held each day around the world in different exhibition centre that host numerous events attracting local and international delegates. www.studymode.com/†¦/size-and-scope-conference-and-banqueting.co.uk TASK A 1.1 What is the size and scope in Conference and Banqueting in UK Banqueting is mostly related to hotels or any other different ha lls that can provide the space for any type of event even if this kind of service is now being hired by various food service companies, like restaurants, due to its profitability. The traditional meaning of the banqueting business is â€Å"providing food and beverages to a group of people who will eat together at the same time†. The scope of banqueting is to accomplish and deliver good service focusing most on celebration, bringing together a group of people for a certain event and to emphasis on food and beverage which can last for several hour. 1 The scope of this events is to provide different types of benefits for destinations where we can include tourism, employment opportunities and financial growth. The market is estimated to be worth  £18.8 billion to the UK economy, including spend at different occasions and in the wider destination by representatives and organisers. There were an estimated 94 million attendances at events in 2009 (an estimated 1.32 million events with an average attendance of 71 people) There was an average of 379 per venue in 2009, down slightly on 2008 (an average of 391 events per venue). Hotels and conference/training centres typically hosted more events than other types of venue, with hotels accounting for 61% of all business events. Banquet food and beverages in some large convention hotels, can account for as much as 70% or more of the combined total food and beverage percentage from all other services in the hotel, such as restaurant, room service and bars. According to Cousin , Foskett , Gillespie , (2002) In the UK are approximately 6,650 conference and banqueting venues that works with all the major hotel brands such as Hilton, Marriott or Best Western and there are estimated around 9.001,053 meeting rooms across the UK.   A Conference can be described as a meeting for consultation, exchange of information and discussion. Some conferences have only a few delegates while others have several hundred. They may be held on behalf of a political party, to create a new image, launch a new product, communicate to employees or make some kind of public announcement. Venues vary and may include a hotel, dedicated conference venue, college or university campus. 2 In our days, conferences are thought to be one of the most important and essential aspects in  globalization as it bridge the openings of numerous industries from one nation to a different one and it is facilitating various economies of various nations to be accepted all over the world. www.bibliotecaregielive.co.uk Other types of conference Academic conferences. Professional association conferences. Training conference (http://www.capital.uk/details-article/news/in-event-industry) J ust a few minutes’ walk from either Old Street or Barbican tube station, LSO St Luke’s combines the accessibility of a City position with the good-element of a exclusive, lovely location that is excellent for both banqueting and conference. Inside the central Jerwood Hall, the 18th-century original architecture appear together with contemporary structures to generate a spectacular location, with normal bright flooding that could held up to 250 to 300 seats that could be moved on a side leaving the entire floor free for dancing or entertaining. www.hospitalityinfo.com 1.2How will Pestle affect Banqueting and Conference PESTEL stands for Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Environmental and Legal factors which may affect the business. 3 POLITICAL Political issues have a direct impact on conference and banqueting and it’s very important to maintain healthy political links with leading party leaders for goodwill of business. Some of the government mandates have a strong impact on hospitality industry that include, political stability or instability, tax policy, environmental law, trade restrictions. According to Cousin , Foskett , Gillespie , (2002) ECONOMICAL Economic aspects have a substantial control about how an organisation does business as well as how commercial they are. Major aspects consist of – economic increasing, interest rates, exchange rates, inflation, disposable income of consumers and businesses. SOCIAL Hospitality industry is one of the biggest employer institute in United Kingdom, around 20% of the workers in Britain are involved in hotel and catering employment. It is contain the public freedom of movement, earnings allocation, and providing skills acquired. These characteristics consist in – residents growing, age dissemination, health consciousness, and career attitudes. TECHNOLOGY The technology plays a vital role in business. Over the year the establishment is depends on the technology, the hospitality technology continues to provide a best and complete software solution to the hospitality sector. According to Cousin, Foskett , Gillespie , (2002) ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS The rising aspiration to care for the environment is to have a major control on numerous institute like hospitality or tourism and the general change regarding more ecologically, pleasant products and developments is affecting demand patterns and generating business opportunities. Legal Factors Legal factors involve – health and safety instruction, different prospects, customer civil rights and rules, product labelling and product safety. It is normal that all companies want to know what is and what is not legal if they want to have success in business. In current years in the UK there have been many important legal changes that have affected company’s behaviour. According to Cousin , Foskett , Gillespie , (2002) CONCLUSION As a personal conclusion I consider that to have success in this sector or any other from hospitality industry we need to always be one step ahead trying to know in advance what the clients want and need, paying a special attention to details and have great opportunity to make every event memorable . I consider that the progress of the conference and banqueting industry is a beneficial and supportive thing for the people by generating employment that leads to attracting visitors and also making revenue. It featured the UK’s change exclusively London in one of the most significant for events all over the world. 5 Bibliography (Cousin J., Foskett D., Gillespie C., (2002), Food and Beverage Management, second edition) www.studymode.com/†¦/size-and-scope-conference-and-banqueting.co.uk http://www.capital.uk/details-article/news/in-event-industry http://dommcg.hubpages.com/hub/whatis-pestel-analysis www.bournemouth.co.uk/London/conference.uk www.hospitalityinfo.com

Charismatic leadership

Hence, most studies were done to seek to explain what leadership is and to identify the characteristic of the people who are successful in its leadership practice. Various leadership theories came out. Kurt Lenin identified leadership styles in three categories: Autocratic Leadership, Democratic Leadership and Delegating Leadership (Lippies, 1939). Max Weber classifies leaders as Bureaucratic Leader, Traditional Leaders and Charismatic Leaders. In 1978 Burns defined yet another classification: Transactional Leaders and Transformational Leaders. Burns Transformational Leadership Is similar to Charismatic Leadership style proposed by Weber.Many of the research have been done on various aspects of charismatic leadership. In this essay I would Like to give an overview of leadership and focus on charismatic leadership. In addition, I will identify Steve Jobs as a charismatic leader and explain his charismatic leadership with examples. 2. Definition of â€Å"Leadership† Leadership i s something very crucial to any group or organization. What a leader does Is usually very difficult to describe In words. John Martin defined leadership as a process In which the leader Is able to Influence the behaviors and actions of those eyeing led (Martin, 2005).While Keith Grant simply described leadership as â€Å"having followers†. Most of the definition is close to that of power, drawn from Webber and Dahlia's original idea that power (and thus leadership) was the ability to get someone to do something they wouldn't otherwise have done (Grant, 2010). Many are based on autobiographical or biographical accounts-relate leadership to the person regarded as leader. Others define leadership as a process-this may be the style that leaders adopt, or a process such as sense-making, or the practices of leaders.Some define dervish by simply considering what those in authority do-a positional approach. This approach tends to lock leadership into monopolizing a group or community to achieve a purpose-a result approach. Leadership vs.. Management The terms management and leadership are frequently used Interchangeably. But are they really the same? What are the differences between these two terms and what similarities they have In common? Both of leadership and management Involve groups of people and specific functions in relation to the group and its activities. It unless the group was in a specific context.An informal, friendship or trade union rope would not usually be described as having a manager, but there would inevitably be a formal or informal leader of such groups. A department would, however, have a manager as the formal leader of that particular group. The two terms therefore have aspects in common, but are synonymous only up to point. Leaders are said to be the ones with vision who are capable of getting the best performance out of their team, whereas managers are the ones who by concentrating on organizing, planning and controlling activity (Mar tin, 2005).Management What It Is complexity. Clear Job definitions. What It Produces†¦ Deals with Seeks to create order and discipline. Authority commensurate with responsibility Is all about doing things right. Careful integration of plans and effort. An emphasis on formal structures and systems. Leadership Flexible Job definitions. Deals with change. Seeks to create new approaches, breaks with the normal, stimulates innovation. Constant adaptation and accommodation to shifts in roles. Is more about doing the right things. Reliance on open dialogue and mutual trust to resolve conflicts. An emphasis on informal networks. Table 1 The difference between management and leadership Source: Stringer (2002) As far as I am concerned, leadership is setting a new vision or direction for a group while management commands or directs a group according to principles or targets that already existed before. Leadership and management are complementary and necessarily linked. Both of them are ve ry important in the organizations.As the world has come to the knowledge era, where value comes increasingly from the knowledge of people, management now is not Just to assign tasks but also to define purpose. 3. Charismatic Theory Charisma is a â€Å"divinely bestowed power or talent† and its etymological origins lie in he Greek word Charisma, from Sharks: â€Å"divine grace† or â€Å"favor† (Grant, 2010). Weber defined the term charisma as â€Å"certain quality of an individual personality, by virtue of which he is set apart from ordinary men and treated as endowed with supernatural, superhuman, or at least specifically exceptional powers or qualities. House (1977) characterized charismatic leaders as full of self-confidence, with a high level of confidence in subordinates and high expectations for results. They also have a clear vision of the goal to be achieved, are able to communicate this effectively and lead by example. Charismatic leaders are with excep tional qualities which made them almost god-like for their followers. They inspire followers to transcend their own self-interest for the good of the organization and are capable of having a profound and extraordinary effect on his or her followers (Robbins, 2005).Franklin D. Roosevelt, Margaret Thatcher, Jesse Jackson, Bill Clinton, Steve Jobs are the examples of charismatic leaders. After having described what is charisma and charismatic the attributes that charismatic leaders possess or what are the traits which make someone a potential charismatic leader? According to charismatic leadership theory, lowers make attributions of heroic or extraordinary leadership abilities when they observe certain behaviors (Conger & Kananga, 1988).After studying on this issue for a long period of time, Conger and Kananga (1998) then described five behavioral attributes of Charismatic Leaders- they have a vision, are willing to take risks to achieve that vision, are sensitive to both environmental constraints and follower needs, and exhibit behaviors that are out of the ordinary-that differentiate charismatic leaders from uncharismatic ones. Vision and articulation Has a vision-expressed as an idealized goal-that proposes a future better than the tutus quo; and is able to clarify the importance of the vision in terms that are understandable to others (Conger & Kananga, 1988).Vision is the key characteristic of charismatic leaders. They offer a vision (or lofty goal) of where the organization is headed and how it can get there (plan) (Dublin & Young, 2007). A sense of vision inspires employees to perform well. It encourages people to work, to strive for its attainment. For example, the vision set by Bill Gates for Microsoft is â€Å"Empower people through great software, anyplace, any time and on any device†. Personal risk Willing to take on high personal risk, incur high costs, and engage in self-sacrifice to achieve the vision (Conger & Kananga, 1988).A leader that i sn't willing to step outside his/her comfort zone is losing out on the most important aspect of leading. They need to be willing to push the envelope in every direction. Sometimes, leaders need to break new ground that no one has done before and so there are always risks involved. Leaders who are unwilling to take risks will become stagnant with no ability to innovate or change. Environmental sensitivity Able to make realistic assessments of the environmental constraints and resources added to bring about change (Conger & Kananga, 1988). Realistic about the constraints imposed upon them.They know what they can and cannot do. This sensitivity to both social economic, cultural and political environment enables them to quickly identify and recognize the barriers, hindrances, and opportunities that affect the organization or people (Conger & Kananga, 1992). Leadership that is highly sensitive to the environment is quite entrepreneurial because it readily recognizes and exploits new oppo rtunities in the environment such as social and physical conditions that may facilitate the achievement of organizational objectives (Conger Kananga, 1992).Sensitivity to follower needs Perceptive of other's abilities and responsive to their needs and feelings (Conger & Kananga, 1988). Charismatic leaders are sensitive to member output which is a result of motivation. Motivation results from satisfying member needs and it is as a measure of the extent of a leader's influence (House, 1995). These outcomes will result in Job satisfaction and reduce dissatisfaction include high Job output and organizational performance. Examples of this attribute include being open and receptive to complaints and new ideas, sensitivity to personal and develop follower's rationality and improve their welfare.Unconventional behavior Engages in behaviors that are perceived as novel and counter to norms (Conger & Kananga, 1988). Their ways, when successful, elicit admiration. An example would be everything into a game where having fun is on top of his agenda. So he enjoys mixing work with pleasure and has successfully created an easy-going and fun-loving culture at Virgin. 4. Application of the theory to Steve Jobs Steven Paul â€Å"Steve† Jobs was an American entrepreneur, marketer, and inventor, who was the co-founder, chairman, and CEO of Apple Inc.He was widely recognized as a harmonistic leader and a pioneer of the personal computer revolution and for his influential career in the computer and consumer electronics fields, transforming one industry after another, from computers and smoothness to music and movies. â€Å"There's something going on here, something that is changing the world. And this is the epicenter. † Said Steve Jobs during his initial Apple Computers start-up. A ‘visionary' is how he is most often described. He is considered by many to be the number one visionary of Silicon Valley. One of his visions is to make Paxar Animation as successful as Disney studios.His earlier visions for Apple Computer may have changed personal computing. Jobs was among the first to see the commercial potential of Xerox Para's mouse-driven graphical user interface, which led to the creation of Macintosh. He also played a role in introducing the Illustrates, one of the first widely available laser printers, to the market. He is not only able to dream big visions, but also can articulate it. â€Å"Innovation distinguishes between a leader and a follower†, said Jobs. The very nature of innovation requires a departure from the status quo and deviation from the norm.The best leaders are risk takers who understand that fact and the tenacity to lead an organization to that future state despite organizational inertia and resistance. It is because his willing to take on risk, Jobs has transformed seven industries and belongs in the pantheon of America's great innovators, along with Thomas Edison, Henry Ford, and Walt Disney In 1985, Jobs got fir ed from Apple. During this time, Jobs were still looking for opportunities and took on new challenges. He bought Paxar, transforming it from a tiny animation house to an industry leader. He also started up computing firm NeXT which was later bought by Apple.Jobs is a charismatic leader who is able to make realistic assessments of the environmental constraints and resources needed to bring about change. â€Å"So when a good idea comes, part of my Job is to move it around, Just see what different people think, get people talking about it, argue with people about it, get ideas moving among that group of 100 people, get different people together to explore different aspects of it quietly, and?Just explore things†. Jobs enjoys working with people who are competent, smart, and â€Å"loved† Apple. He also exchanged ideas with them, and had inspired many of them.Steve Jobs is a good leader who is sensitive to his follower's needs. The Company's success, high employee retention and consistent recognition as one of â€Å"best places to work† are proof of this. Steve Jobs was an unconventional leader. He wasn't known for his consultative approach. He demanded excellence from his staff and was known for his impatience, tough with work with only the best. Despite all these, Steve Jobs still remained popular among his co-workers. And during his battle against his final illness, Jobs was surrounded by an intensely loyal cadre of colleagues. Steve Jobs is a charismatic business leader.His personal traits are characteristics of charismatic leaders: he is a man of vision and a risk taker to achieve that vision. He is sensitivity to follower needs, perceptive of others' abilities and responsive to their needs and feelings and has demonstrated unconventional behavior, engages in behaviors that are perceived as novel and counter to norms. 5. Conclusion This essay explains enough information about the charismatic leadership. There are some questions about the c harismatic leadership which have still remained unanswered. After describing the attributes of the charismatic leader and identifyingSteve Jobs as one example, it remains unknown that what makes a charismatic leader a â€Å"hero† and what makes him a â€Å"villain†. Are there any specific attributes that make charismatic leader as a â€Å"hero† or a Milan†? The second question is regarding the â€Å"making of charismatic leaders†. After establishing that the charismatic leaders have certain characteristics, it remains to see that if everyone having those attributes can become a successful leader. And this question gives rise to yet another question that whether a charismatic leader can be â€Å"made†. Is it possible to â€Å"create† charismatic leaders by formal education?

Observations of an Apple Essay Essays

Observations of an Apple Essay Essays Observations of an Apple Essay Essay Observations of an Apple Essay Essay The assignment was to detect a fruit or veggie for at least an hr. I thought it was brainsick and pointless but non so pathetic that I would non make it and gain a bad class. Before I started. I read Samuel Scudder’s essay â€Å"Learning to See† where he talks about holding to make a similar type of assignment but with a fish. He finally became engrossed in the fish and so I became determined that I was traveling to seek to happen all I perchance could about my apple in the hr that I had. With this in head. I chose an apple from my bowl of fruit and prepared for what I thought would be a boring 60 proceedingss. I grabbed some paper and a pen. turned on some music. and began the observation procedure. I started merely by composing everything I could see on the exterior of the apple. The tegument of the apple had many different sunglassess of ruddy every bit good as a xanthous spot on one side. It was covered in dark ruddy chevrons that looked like speedy pigment shots from a bantam paintbrush. Small white and xanthous points gave it the visual aspect of a dotted egg. I so noticed the apple’s form every bit good as the balls. dents. and abrasions on its tegument. It was somewhat cold to the touch. every bit good as smooth and dry. I was tempted to travel in front and cut the apple unfastened but I wanted to do certain I had written down all the little inside informations that would usually travel wholly unnoticed. After I was certain I had noted every bit much as I could about the exterior. I sliced the apple in half horizontally to detect the interior. When it is cut horizontally. the small cavity where the seeds are kept is in the form of a star and feels like thin composition board. There were five seeds. all dark brown and shaped like a raindrop. The flesh was softer on its ain without the protection of the tegument and about mushy. When I looked even closer. it seemed that the flesh of the apple was made up of bantam crystals that glistened in the visible radiation because of the juice and its pick colouring. The interior was even colder since it was wet. The sweet odor of the apple grew stronger and I eventually gave in and took a bite. I wrote about the crunchiness. how sharp it was. how my dentitions left their feeling in the apple. how the tegument ripped when it was bitten. and how juicy it was. I decided to look into the clip at that point and was highly surprised that I had merely 15 proceedingss left to complete up my notes. So I decided to acquire a little more originative with what I did to the apple. I began dissecting pieces of it. cutting small musca volitanss in half. happening the venas and what seemed to be roots of the apple. I even noticed how it stained the paper towel it sat on when I cut it. Soon I realized I had merely a few proceedingss left and so to complete it all off. I decided to see what would go on when the apple. or what was left of it. would make when thrown hard against the paving. I rapidly ran outside and excitedly hurled the apple at the land. I was pleased to watch it interrupt apart and spill all over the pavement and even into the snow. I walked back inside and was surprised at how aroused and enthusiastic I had become by traveling through this kind of experiment. I did non anticipate that kind of reaction to come from me particularly when my first ideas had been that I would stop up detesting this assignment and giving up on it. I neer would hold believed person if they had told me that I would one twenty-four hours pass an hr detecting an apple. and in the terminal. happen that I had really enjoyed it.

Problems Due to the Mechanism Placed by the Americans During the Research Paper

Problems Due to the Mechanism Placed by the Americans During the Germans Migration - Research Paper Example The German part of American history is more than a part; it is embodied in the fabric of America. They help to make America clearer and at the same time more baffling to critics who think they stand outside of the frame, just as the interactions between German immigrants and their descendants with the larger population that surrounded them made the ideal notions that Germans brought with them less recognition. The Germans faced a serious problem of unemployment. Most of the immigrants were unemployed and lived a low-quality life. The attribute for this menace rose because of the social perceptions of the Americans and racial aspects they portrayed towards the Germans. The language barrier was another contributing factor to this problem. During this time, there was the presence of graft and corruption. This led to a biased system, which saw the American citizen favoured and the German Immigrant oppressed. The right given to the Germans a chance to vote with them created an ideal notio n of what was possible in the United States and but soon became part of the mainstream political ideology. Third-party politics, the ascendancy of local issues, and the inertia of German American voters all would move in the direction of appealing to ethnic identity and cultural preservation. Conflicting interests, shifting goals, and practical possibilities were seen as the real world of American politics. A real continuum between the liberal Americans in Chicago and German working-class radicalism describes a process of integration that moved through a few steps in improving their relationship.